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New Rice for Africa
New Rice for Africa ("NERICA") is a cultivar group of interspecific hybrid rice developed by the Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice) to improve the yield of African rice cultivars. Although 240 million people in West Africa rely on rice as the primary source of food energy and protein in their diet, the majority of this rice is imported, at a cost of US$1 billion per year. Self-sufficiency in rice production would improve food security and aid economic development in West Africa.
The results of the NERICA Project, which is funded by the African Development Bank, the Japanese government, and the United Nations Development Programme, was a major agenda item at the Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD-IV) in 2008. The new rice varieties, which are suited to drylands, were distributed and sown on more than 200,000 hectares during the last five years in several African countries, notably Guinea, Nigeria, Côte d’Ivoire, and Uganda, according to the Africa Rice Center. Though this represents a major advance, it is still projected to fall short of meeting the growing demand for rice as a food staple.〔( "`Recipe for Disaster: TICAD convenes and experts warn about Africa`s current dependence on rice imports," ) Ghana News Agency (Accra). May 27, 2008.〕
==African and Asian rice==
African rice ''Oryza glaberrima'' has been cultivated for 3,500 years and is well adapted to the African environment. African rice has profuse vegetative growth, which serves to smother weeds; it is also resistant to drought, the insect pest African rice gall midge (''Orseolia oryzivora''), Rice yellow mottle virus and blast disease. However, African rice has relatively low yields, because it lodges, or falls over, when grain heads are full. Grains may also shatter, further reducing yield.
Cultivation of African rice has been abandoned for the cultivation of high-yield Asian varieties of ''Oryza sativa''. Asian varieties are poorly adapted to African conditions as their cultivation requires abundant water. Asian rice cannot compete with weeds due to their semi-dwarf phenotypes and are susceptible to pests and diseases in African conditions.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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